Temporary Exports

HH21-10 : TIME SAHWIRA MUPINGA vs THE COMMISSION GENERAL ZIMBABWE REVENUE AUTHORITY (ZIMRA) and MINISTER OF FINANCE
Ruled By: MTSHIYA J

The temporary export of any motor vehicle outside this country is subject to the control of the first respondent. It is therefore logical to assume that the first respondent sanctioned the temporary export of the vehicle when it was taken to South Africa for “an after sales service and check up.”

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Administrative Law, the Wednesbury Principle and the Constitutional Right to Administrative Justice
- Administrative Law re: Administration Fees
- Administrative Law re: Administrative Directives or Declarations and the Doctrine of Legality
- Administrative Law re: Approach iro Delegated Authority
- Administrative Law re: Approach iro Non-Administrative Authorities & Authorities Exempt from Administrative Justice Act
- Administrative Law re: Approach, Discretionary Powers, Judicial Interference and the Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation
- Administrative Law re: Presumptions of Regularity and Validity of Official Documents or Advice & Doctrine of Estoppel
Agency Law
- Agency Law re: Acting For Another iro Agency Relationship ito Delegation of Public Duties to Private Parties
- Agency Law re: Acting For Another iro Agency Relationship, Independent Contractor & Quasi-Mutual Assent Doctrine
- Agency Law re: Acting For Another iro Power of Attorney, Resolutions, Proxy, Negotiorum Gestio, Conduct & Derivative Action
- Agency Law re: Acting For Another iro Statutory and Judicial Appointments
- Agency Law re: Commission Payments
- Agency Law re: Possession with Indicia of Dominium or Jus Disponendi
Banking, Finance and Investment Law
- Account Mandates, Service or Maintenance Charges, Nostro Accounts, Freezing of Accounts and Custodial Services
- Asset Management, Stockbroking, Securities and Investments
- Credit Facilities and Money Lending
- Credit Facilities and Money Lending re: Insider Loans
- Demand Deposits and the Nature of the Contractual Relationship Between Banker and Customer
- Exchange Control, International Trade and the International Value of a Currency
- Functions of the Central Bank and Quasi-Fiscal Operations
- Insolvency of Financial Institutions
- Legal Tender, Effect of Demonetization of Currency and the Statutory Revalorization of Loans, Obligations or Deposits
- Payment Systems and Negotiable Instruments
Broadcasting, Media, Postal and Communications Law
- Licencing, Registration and Accreditation
- Production and Distribution
- Public Broadcasting and Encryption
Canon or Ecclesiastical Law
- Canonical Disputes, Resignation or Dismissal from Membership, Schisms, Secession and the Declaration of Independence
- Legal Status of a Diocese
- Relationship Between the State and the Church, the Principle of State Neutrality and the Test of Sincerity
- Religious Indoctrination and Extremism
Civil Procedure
- Absolution from the Instance, Evidential Deficit and the Concept of Prima Facie
- Appeal re: Appearance of Litigants at Appeal Hearings
- Appeal re: Consent Orders, Orders By Consent or Consent to Judgment
- Appeal re: Dismissal of Appeal Without Hearing, Striking Out or Lapsing of Appeal and Reinstatement of Lapsed Appeal
- Appeal re: Expedited Set Down of an Appeal on an Urgent Basis, Default Urgency and Interim Relief Pending Appeal
- Appeal re: Findings of Fact or Exercise of Discretion Made by Lower Court iro Terminated or Complete Proceedings
- Appeal re: Findings of Fact or Exercise of Discretion Made by Lower Court iro Unterminated or Incomplete Proceedings
- Appeal re: Leave to Lead Further Evidence iro Appeals in the Wide and Narrow Sense & Principle of Finality to Litigation
- Appeal re: Non-Active Parties in Proceedings a Quo and Active Parties Against Whom Substantive Order Is Not Directed
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Appeal Against Aquittal
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Approach and the Right of Appeal iro Electoral Proceedings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Approach iro Stated Case or Amicable Action Proceedings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Approach, Notice of Appeal and the Right of Appeal iro Commercial Arbitral Awards
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Approach, Notice of Appeal and the Right of Appeal iro Default Judgments
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Approach, Notice of Appeal and the Right of Appeal iro Labour Proceedings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Approach, Notice of Appeal, Grounds of Appeal & Right of Appeal iro Fiscal or Taxation Proceedings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Approach, Right of Appeal and Grounds of Appeal iro Constitutional Proceedings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal re: Multiple Litigants
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Approach and the Right of Appeal
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Approach iro Limitation to the Right of Appeal
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Cross-Appeal
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Grounds of Appeal & Notice of Appeal iro Consolidated Matters
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Grounds of Appeal and Notice of Appeal iro Approach
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Grounds of Appeal and Notice of Appeal iro Systemic Delays
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Grounds of Appeal iro Belated Pleadings & Judicial Mero Motu
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Grounds of Appeal iro Labour Proceedings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Interlocutory Judgments & Nature and Effect of Relief Granted
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Suspension of Orders Pending Appeal & Quasi-Judicial Rulings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Suspension of Orders Pending Appeal iro Criminal Proceeding
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Suspension of Orders Pending Appeal iro Fiscal Proceedings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Suspension of Orders Pending Appeal iro Labour Proceedings
- Appeal, Leave to Appeal, Leave to Execute Pending Appeal re: Suspension of Orders Pending Appeal iro Partial Appeal
- Audi Alteram Partem Rule re: Approach, Orders Granted Without a Hearing and the Doctrine of Notice
- Audi Alteram Partem Rule re: Contractual Rights
- Contempt of Court re: Conduct Towards Judicial Officers, Scandalising the Court or Murmuring Judges & Sub Judice Rule
- Contempt of Court re: Defiance of Court Orders
- Costs re: Amicus Curiae or Friend of the Court
- Costs re: Apportioned Costs, Partially Successful Claims and Active Multiple Litigants
- Costs re: Approach
- Costs re: Consensual, Consent Orders or Orders By Consent, Tender of Costs and Contractual
- Costs re: Consolidated Matters
- Costs re: Constitutional Proceedings
- Costs re: De Bonis Propriis, Deceased Estates and the Abuse of Representative Capacity Positions
- Costs re: Engagement of Multiple Counsel and the Standard of Difficulty of the Litigation
- Costs re: Fiscal or Taxation Proceedings
- Costs re: Interim or Interlocutory Proceedings
- Costs re: Legal Aid, Indigent and Informa Pauperis
- Costs re: Matrimonial Proceedings
- Costs re: Matter Determined on a Point of Law Raised by the Court, Misdirection by the Court & Public Interest Litigation
- Costs re: No Order as to Costs or No Costs Order iro Approach
- Costs re: No Order as to Costs or No Costs Order iro Non-Active Parties, Parties Not Opposed or No Relief Sought Against
- Costs re: Punitive Order of Costs or Punitive Costs
- Costs re: Quasi-Judicial Proceedings
- Costs re: Self Actors, Witness Expenses and Compensation to Third Parties for Legal Advice Rendered to Self-Actors
- Costs re: Taxation of Costs and the Recovery of Costs
- Costs re: Wasted Costs
- Court Management re: Approach, Case Management, Postponement of Proceedings and Judicial Directives of the Court
- Court Management re: Case Management, Postponement of Proceedings and Directives of the Court iro Arbitration Proceedings
- Court Management re: Consolidation of Matters, Joinder of Actions, Fragmantation of Disputes and the Consolidation Order
- Court Management re: Mediation
- Court Management re: Postponement of Proceedings iro Trial Within a Trial and the Exercise of Summary Jurisdiction
- Default Judgment re: Default Judgment and Rescission of Judgment iro Arbitration Proceedings
- Default Judgment re: Default Judgment and Rescission of Judgment iro Labour Proceedings
- Default Judgment re: Default Judgment and Snatching at a Judgment iro Approach and Unopposed Proceedings
- Default Judgment re: Default Judgment and Snatching at a Judgment iro Claim for Damages
- Default Judgment re: Default Judgment and Snatching at a Judgment iro Marital Proceedings
- Default Judgment re: Rescission of a Rescission of Judgment Order or Reinstatement of a Default Judgment
- Default Judgment re: Rescission of Judgment iro Approach
- Default Judgment re: Rescission of Judgment iro Foreign Judgments
- Default Judgment re: Wilful or Negligent Acts and the Principle of Hierarchy of the Courts iro Legal Practitioners
- Ex Parte Applications, Proceedings Without Notice and Snatching at a Judgment
- Final Orders re: Approach iro Effect of an Order of Dismissal
- Final Orders re: Approach iro Entitlement of Parties to Written Reasons for Judgment ito Interlocutory Judgments
- Final Orders re: Approach iro Equity Relief, Public Interest Litigation and the Interests of Justice
- Final Orders re: Approach iro Functions, Powers, Obligations, Judicial Misdirections and Effect of Court Orders
- Final Orders re: Approach iro Handing Down of Judgments, Judgments Not Handed Down and Reserved Judgments
- Final Orders re: Approach iro Implied Determination or Determination By Implication
- Final Orders re: Approach iro Registration, Recognition & Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, Lex Causae and Lex Fori
- Final Orders re: Community Courts iro Proceedings, Registration and Jurisdiction of Civil Courts
- Final Orders re: Composition of Bench iro Court Verdict, Incapacitation and Disagreements Between Presiding Officers
- Final Orders re: Composition of Bench iro Judicial Precedents, Effect of Ex Post Facto Statutes and Judicial Lag
- Final Orders re: Composition of Bench iro Precedents of Unspeaking Orders
- Final Orders re: Confirmation or Discharge of Interlocutory Restraining Orders and Provisional Orders
- Final Orders re: Doctrine of Effectiveness, Brutum Fulmen Orders, Fait Accompli, Academic Judgments & Doctrine of Mootness
- Final Orders re: Final and Conclusive Rule iro Approach and the Effect of Conflicting Judgments
- Final Orders re: Final and Conclusive Rule iro Default Judgment
- Final Orders re: Judgment in Personam iro Parties Bound by a Court Order
- Final Orders re: Judgment in Rem iro Effect, Legitimate Expectation and Principle of Greater Public Good Must Prevail
- Final Orders re: Nature, Amendment, Variation, Rescission and the Final and Conclusive Rule iro Arbitral Awards
- Final Orders re: Nature, Amendment, Variation, Rescission and the Final and Conclusive Rule iro Labour Proceedings
- Final Orders re: Nature, Amendment, Variation, Rescission and the Final and Conclusive Rule iro Provisional Orders
- Final Orders re: Nature, Amendment, Variation, Rescission iro Common Law Rescission & Consideration of Restitutio In Integrum
- Final Orders re: Nature, Amendment, Variation, Rescission iro Consent Papers, Consent Orders and Consent to Judgment
- Final Orders re: Nature, Amendment, Variation, Rescission iro Corrections and Orders Erroneously Sought or Granted
- Final Orders re: Principle of Finality in Litigation, Decree of Perpetual Silence, Sitting on Judgments & Superannuation
- Final Orders re: Principle of Finality to Litigation iro Dismissal of a Matter For Want of Prosecution
- Final Orders re: Principle of Finality to Litigation iro Dismissal of a Matter For Want of Prosecution ito Arbitration
- Final Orders re: Principle of Finality to Litigation iro Dismissal of a Matter For Want of Prosecution ito Criminal
- Final Orders re: Procedural Irregularities & Discretion of Court to Condone, Interfere, Dismiss, Strike, Remit or Set Aside
- Final Orders re: Procedural Irregularities iro Labour Proceedings
- Final Orders re: Writ of Execution, Enforcement of Judgments iro Approach, Execution Powers and Superannuated Orders
- Final Orders re: Writ of Execution, Enforcement of Judgments iro Engagement of Reinforcements
- Interim Interdict or Final Order re: Impeachment of Interim Relief Granted By Consent
- Interim Interdict or Final Order re: Interim Relief Expressed in Similar Terms to the Final Order Sought
- Interim Interdict or Final Order re: Judicial Fiduciary Role iro Tender or Payment and Trust Facilities Pendente Lite
- Interim Interdict or Final Order re: Mandamus or Mandatory Interdict and the Seeking or Granting of Final Interdicts
- Interim Interdict or Final Order re: Past Invasion of Rights Premised On Prima Facie Lawful Conduct & Right to Legality
- Interim Interdict or Final Order re: Relief Conflicting with Statutes, Extant Court Orders & Prima Facie Lawful Conduct
- Interim Interdict Pendente Confirmation or Discharge Proceedings re: Approach, Return Date and the Prima Facie Concept
- Interim Interdict Pendente Lite and Stay of Execution re: Approach
- Interim Interdict Pendente Lite and Stay of Execution re: Interim Interdict Pending Nothing
- Interim Interdict Pendente Lite and Stay of Execution re: Labour Proceedings
- Judicial Declaratory Order or Declaratur re: Approach iro Retrospective Rights and Accruals from Repealed Laws
- Judicial Declaratory Order or Declaratur re: Approach, Rights or Facts, Consequential Relief & Disguised Review Proceedings
- Judicial Declaratory Order or Declaratur re: Interpleader Proceedings iro Judicial Attachment
- Judicial Declaratory Order or Declaratur re: Interpleader Proceedings iro Property Held in Trust
- Judicial Eviction re: Pending Criminal Proceedings
- Judicial Eviction, Attachment and Order re: Approach and Alienation or Disposal of Property Under Judicial Attachment
- Judicial Eviction, Attachment and Order re: State Assets and the Statutory Immunity from Execution
- Judicial Eviction, Sale in Execution, Attachment and Order re: Fees of the Executing Authority
- Judicial Sale in Execution re: Approach, Suspension, Setting Aside, Foreclosure Proceedings and Forced Sales
- Pleadings re: Abandoned Pleadings
- Pleadings re: Admissions or Undisputed Facts iro Confessionaries, Confession and Avoidance & Concession and Avoidance
- Pleadings re: Admissions or Undisputed Facts iro Conversion of Action or Motion Proceedings
- Pleadings re: Admissions or Undisputed Facts iro Stated Case or Amicable Action Proceedings & the Dispensing of a Trial
- Pleadings re: Amendment to Pleadings, Summons, Declaration and Draft Orders iro Approach
- Pleadings re: Amendment to Pleadings, Summons, Declaration and Draft Orders iro Summary Judgment Proceedings
- Pleadings re: Approach to Pleadings, Pre-Trial Proceedings, Disparities with Oral Evidence and Unchallenged Statements
- Pleadings re: Belated Pleadings or Issues Not Specifically Pleaded iro Summary Judgment Proceedings
- Pleadings re: Belated Pleadings, Matters Raised Mero Motu by the Court and the Doctrine of Notice iro Approach
- Pleadings re: Claims, Counter-Claim, Claim in Reconvention and Counter Application iro Approach
- Pleadings re: Cross-Referencing, Record of Proceedings and Off the Record Submissions
- Pleadings re: Expedited Set Down of Ordinary Applications & Return Dates of Provisional Orders or Interim Interdicts
- Pleadings re: Forum Shopping or Double-Dipping
- Pleadings re: Heads of Argument, Written Arguments and Oral Submissions
- Pleadings re: Joint Pleas, Co-Applicants and Common Relief
- Pleadings re: Language of Record
- Pleadings re: Litis Contestatio, Closure of Pleadings, Joinder of Issues and Notice to Discover
- Pleadings re: Nullity of Proceedings or Acts, Peremptory Provisions & the Doctrines of Strict and Substantial Compliance
- Pleadings re: Striking Out or Expunging of Claim, Defence, Counter Claim, Pleadings and Reinstatement of Plea
- Pleadings re: Withdrawal of Pleadings, Admissions, Proceedings or Claims
- Provisional Sentence: Claims Founded on an Acknowledgement of Debt or Liquid Document
- Recusal re: Approach, Presumption of Judicial Impartiality, Nemo Judex in Sua Causa and the Doctrine of Necessity
- Recusal re: Legal Practitioners
- Review re: Arbitration Proceedings
- Review re: Automatic Review
- Review re: Composition of the Bench
- Review re: Constitutional Proceedings
- Review re: Constitutional Tribunals, Action Taken Under Executive and Constitutional Prerogative & Recommendations Thence
- Review re: Default Judgments
- Review re: Labour Proceedings
- Review re: Land Reform or Expropriation Proceedings
- Review re: Non-Active Parties in Proceedings a Quo and Active Parties Against Whom Substantive Order Is Not Directed
- Review re: Suspension of Orders Pending Review
- Review re: Terminated or Complete Proceedings iro Approach, Review Jurisdiction, Powers, Grounds & Record of Proceedings
- Review re: Terminated or Complete Proceedings iro Review By Way of Declaratory Order or Declaratur
- Review re: Unterminated or Incomplete Proceedings, Stay of Proceedings Pendente Lite and the Doctrine of Ripeness
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Approach
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Approach iro Ambiguous, Vague, Undefined Provisions and Legislative Lacuna
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Approach iro Conflicting Statutes & Principle of Lex Posterior Priori Derogant
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Approach iro Dies Induciae, Time Limits and the Reckoning of Time
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Approach iro Foreign Jurisdiction Interpretation and Judicial Lag
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Constitutional Provisions
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Contractual Clauses & Contra Proferentem Rule or Contra Stipulatorem Rule
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Deeming Provisions
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Error of Reference
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Hortatory or Qualified Provisions
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: International Law
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Labour Statutes
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Non Obstante or Notwithstanding Clause & Generalia Specialibus Non Derogant
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Recognition, Ousting and Alteration of Common Law by Statute Law
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Retrospective Construction and Effect of Ex Post Facto & Repealed Laws
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Severability of Statutory Provisions and the In Pari Materia Principle
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Subsidiary and Delegated Legislation
- Rules of Construction or Interpretation re: Tax Legislation, Ambiguous Fiscal Provisions and the Contra Fiscum Rule
- Rules of Construction re: Articles of Association or Constitution of Voluntary Associations or Universitas
- Summary Judgment: Clear and Un-Answerable Claims re: Claim for Damages
- Summary Judgment: Clear and Unanswerable Claims re: Approach
Civil Procedure re: Points in Limine and Technical Objections
- Approach re: Issues in Limine, Technical or Procedural Objections, Dilatory, Declaratory and Dispositive Pleas
- Automatic Bar re: Approach, Notice to Plead, Notice of Intention to Bar, Upliftment of Bar and the Dies Induciae
- Automatic Bar re: Arbitration Proceedings
- Automatic Bar re: Bar of Perpetual Silence
- Automatic Bar re: Marital Proceedings
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Abuse of Process, Frivolous and Vexatious Proceedings & Summary Dismissal
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Appearance to Defend iro Effect of Non-Appearance
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Appearance to Defend iro Notice of Set Down ito Criminal Proceedings
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Appearance to Defend, Filing of Opposition Papers & Set Down of Matters
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Approach, Timing, Framing and Legal Basis for Invoking Jurisdiction of the Court
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Exceptions iro Concurrent Criminal & Civil Proceedings & Concept of Double Jeopardy
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Exceptions iro Evidential, Subjugative and Unexceptionable Exceptions
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Exceptions iro Further Particulars
- Cause of Action and Draft Orders re: Exceptions, Special Pleas, Plea in Bar and Plea in Abatement iro Approach
- Cause of Action and Framing of Draft Orders re: Doctrine Against Benefitting from One's Own Wrongdoing
- Cause of Action and Framing of Draft Orders re: Joinder Proceedings
- Cause of Action and Framing of Draft Orders re: Nominal Litigant Proceedings
- Cause of Action re: Agreements Concluded on a Without Prejudice Basis or During Privileged Communications
- Cause of Action re: Form, Manner and Nature of Proceedings iro Approach to Application, Motion and Action Proceedings
- Cause of Action re: Form, Manner and Nature of Proceedings iro Arbitration Proceedings
- Cause of Action re: Form, Manner and Nature of Proceedings iro Indictment By Citation or Summary Indictment
- Cause of Action re: Mutually Exclusive Composite, Consolidated or Conflated Causes of Action and Alternative Pleas
- Cause of Action re: Suits or Proceedings Against Foreign States and International Organisations
- Cause of Action re: Suits or Proceedings Against the State, State Agents and Statutory Notice of Intention to Sue
- Cause of Action re: Suits or Proceedings for the Benefit of Third Parties
- Cause of Action re: Suits or Proceedings Founded Upon Equity Relief
- Cause of Action re: Suits or Proceedings Founded Upon Foreign Legislation or Judgments & Theories of Lex Causae & Lex Fori
- Cause of Action re: Suits or Proceedings Founded Upon Repealed Legislation
- Cause of Action re: Suits or Proceedings Involving Persons Under Disability, Minors and the Presumption of Doli Incapax
- Cause of Action re: Suits or Proceedings Involving the President or Judges
- Citation and Joinder re: Approach iro Removal of Cited Party from Proceedings
- Citation and Joinder re: Approach iro Third Party Notices ito Amicus Curiae or Friend of the Court and Interveners
- Citation and Joinder re: Approach iro Third Party Notices ito Joinder of the State and State Agents
- Citation and Joinder re: Approach iro Third Party Notices ito Nominal Party and Financial Interest Party
- Citation and Joinder re: Approach, the Joinder of Necessity and Third Party Notices
- Citation and Joinder re: Electoral Proceedings
- Citation and Joinder re: Labour Proceedings
- Citation and Joinder re: Legal Status of Litigants, Name Descriptions, Trade Names and the Principle of Legal Persona
- Citation and Joinder re: Minors
- Citation and Joinder re: Multiple Litigants, Class Action Proceedings and Effect on Founding Affidavit of Each Litigant
- Citation and Joinder re: Party Acting in Official Capacity, Statutory or Peremptory Citation and Delegated Authority
- Citation and Joinder re: Substitution of a Party and Change of Status of a Litigant
- Dirty Hands Principle and the Doctrine of Obedience of the Law re: Arbitral Awards and Labour Proceedings
- Dirty Hands Principle and the Doctrine of Obedience of the Law Until its Lawful Invalidation or Repeal re: Approach
- Disputes of Fact or Conflict of Facts re: Approach, Factual, Non-Factual, Questions of Law and Material Resolutions
- Disputes of Fact or Conflict of Facts re: Arbitration Proceedings
- Disputes of Fact or Conflict of Facts re: Constitutional Proceedings
- Disputes of Fact or Conflict of Facts re: Electoral Proceedings
- Disputes of Fact or Conflict of Facts re: Rescission of Default Judgment Proceedings
- Founding Affidavits re: Supplementary Submissions, Additional Evidence, Closure of Case and the Application to Re-open
- Founding, Opposing, Supporting and Answering Affidavits re: Commissioning, Certification, Authentication and Execution
- Founding, Opposing, Supporting and Answering Affidavits re: Deponent, Representative Authority & Affidavit of Collegiality
- Founding, Opposing, Supporting, Answering Affidavits re: Affidavit of Interest
- Founding, Opposing, Supporting, Answering Affidavits re: Approach & Rule that a Case Stands or Falls on Founding Affidavit
- Founding, Opposing, Supporting, Answering and Supplementary Affidavits re: Summary Judgment Proceedings
- Jurisdiction re: Approach iro Adjudication of Disputes Beyond the Judicial Realm
- Jurisdiction re: Approach iro Composition of Bench and the Powers of Adjudication
- Jurisdiction re: Approach iro Equity Relief
- Jurisdiction re: Approach iro Judicial Hierarchy and Court of Record
- Jurisdiction re: Approach, Concurrent Jurisdiction, Statutory, Procedural and Contractual Jurisdictional Ousting
- Jurisdiction re: Constitutional Proceedings
- Jurisdiction re: Domestic, Internal or Local Procedures
- Jurisdiction re: Domestic, Internal or Local Remedies
- Jurisdiction re: Electoral Proceedings
- Jurisdiction re: Fiscal or Taxation Proceedings
- Jurisdiction re: Functus Officio iro Administrative Conduct
- Jurisdiction re: Functus Officio iro Approach
- Jurisdiction re: Functus Officio iro Presiding Over the Same Parties on Ancillary Issues Arising from Prior Litigation
- Jurisdiction re: Implied Jurisdiction or Jurisdiction By Implication and Submission to Jurisdiction
- Jurisdiction re: International Jurisdiction iro Peregrinus or Non-Residents and the Rule of Forum Rei Sitae
- Jurisdiction re: International Jurisdiction, Territorial Sovereignty and the Theories of Lex Causae and Lex Fori
- Jurisdiction re: Judicial Deference iro Assessment of Prospects on Appeal, Review or Main Proceedings
- Jurisdiction re: Judicial Deference iro Autonomy of Court over its own Rules & the Interference with Rules of Other Courts
- Jurisdiction re: Judicial Deference iro Remittals or Remittal Order and Recognition of Competent Authoritative Bodies
- Jurisdiction re: Judicial Deference iro Specialised Courts and Tribunals
- Jurisdiction re: Labour Proceedings
- Jurisdiction re: Land Reform or Expropriation Proceedings
- Jurisdiction re: Monetary, Cause of Action and Domestic Territorial Jurisdiction
- Jurisdiction re: Moot or Academic Proceedings and the Doctrine of Justiciability
- Jurisdiction re: Procedure as to Continuation of Proceedings in the event of Incapacitation of the Presiding Officer
- Jurisdiction re: Review of Prerogative or Executive Powers of the President
- Jurisdiction re: Security for Costs and Stay of Proceedings Pending Settlement of Costs
- Lis Alibi Pendens or Pending Litigation re: Approach
- Lis Alibi Pendens or Pending Litigation re: Arbitral Award Registration Proceedings
- Lis Alibi Pendens or Pending Litigation re: Foreign Proceedings
- Lis Alibi Pendens or Pending Litigation re: Labour Proceedings
- Lis Alibi Pendens or Pending Litigation re: Summary Judgment Proceedings
- Locus Standi re: Approach and the Legal Capacity to Institute or Defend Legal Proceedings
- Locus Standi re: Constitutional Proceedings
- Locus Standi re: Continuum Proceedings
- Locus Standi re: Derivative Action, Acting for an Organisation Amidst Leadership Wrangles and the Proper Plaintiff Rule
- Locus Standi re: Factual or Evidential Averments or Pleadings Competently Available to Another Party
- Locus Standi re: Legal Status of Litigants, Voluntary or Un-incorporated Associations & the Principle of Legal Persona
- Locus Standi re: Public Interest Litigation
- Prescription re: Approach, Interruption, Delay or Postponement in the Completion of Prescription
- Prescription re: Arbitration Proceedings
- Prescription re: Claims Founded on Customary Law
- Prescription re: Class Action Proceedings
- Prescription re: Constitutional Proceedings, Public Rights, Null and Void Transactions and the Declaratory Remedy
- Prescription re: Contingent Claim
- Prescription re: Continuous, Continuum or Repetitive Conduct
- Prescription re: Contractual
- Prescription re: Criminal Proceedings
- Prescription re: Electoral Proceedings
- Prescription re: Foreign Debts and the Theories of Lex Causae and Lex Fori
- Prescription re: Joinder Proceedings
- Prescription re: Judgment Debts
- Prescription re: Labour Proceedings
- Prescription re: Peregrinus or Non-Residents
- Prescription re: Proceedings Against the State and State Agents
- Proof of Service and Manner of Service re: Authority to Effect Process and the Engagement of Reinforcements
- Proof of Service and Manner of Service re: Authority to Suspend Service of Process
- Proof of Service and Manner of Service re: Edictal Citation, Substituted Service and Service By Publication
- Proof of Service, Return of Service, Address and Manner of Service re: Administrative Process & Acknowledgement of Receipt
- Proof of Service, Return of Service, Address and Manner of Service re: Approach
- Proof of Service, Return of Service, Address and Manner of Service re: Constitutional Proceedings
- Proof of Service, Return of Service, Address and Manner of Service re: Contractual Service and the Domicilium Citandi
- Proof of Service, Return of Service, Address and Manner of Service re: Digital or Electronic Service
- Proof of Service, Return of Service, Address and Manner of Service re: Electoral Proceedings
- Proof of Service, Return of Service, Address and Manner of Service re: Personal Service Proceedings
- Proof of Service, Return of Service, Address and Manner of Service re: Proceedings Against the State
- Res Judicata re: Judicial Officers Presiding Over the Same Parties on Continuum Issues Arising from Prior Litigation
- Res Judicata, Cause of Action Estoppel, Issue Estoppel or Subject Matter Estoppel re: Approach
- Urgency re: Approach iro Time, Consequent and Remedial Alternative Considerations of Urgency
- Urgency re: Approach, the Principle of Equality of Treatment & Discretion of the Court to Hear Oral Arguments on Urgency
- Urgency re: Certificate of Urgency
- Urgency re: Commercial and Humanitarian Considerations and Interests of Minors
- Urgency re: Constitutional Rights and Constitutional Proceedings
- Urgency re: Electoral Proceedings
- Urgency re: Ex Parte Applications, Proceedings Without Notice and Proceedings Founded Upon Material Non-Disclosures
- Urgency re: Forum Shopping, Contemptuous, Mala Fide, Ill-Advised, Frivolous and Abuse of Court Process Proceedings
- Urgency re: Land Reform, Spoliation or Mandament van Spolie Proceedings and Property Disputes
- Urgency re: Mandatory Interdicts or Mandamus
- Urgency re: Past Invasion of Rights, Interdict Overriding Lawful Conduct, Statutory or Contractual Provisions
- Urgency re: Point of Law
Civil Procedure re: Rules of Court, Condonation and the Discretion of the Court to Depart from the Rules of Court
- Condonation or Judicial Indulgence re: Administrative Proceedings
- Condonation or Judicial Indulgence re: Approach iro Non Time-Barred Proceedings
- Condonation or Judicial Indulgence re: Approach iro Time-Barred Proceedings ito Systemic Delays
- Condonation or Judicial Indulgence re: Approach, Time-Barred Proceedings, Extension of Time and Interests of Justice
- Condonation or Judicial Indulgence re: Consequential Effects of Negligent Acts of Legal Practitioners
- Condonation or Judicial Indulgence re: Constitutional Proceedings
- Condonation or Judicial Indulgence re: Electoral Proceedings
- Condonation or Judicial Indulgence re: Labour Proceedings
- Rules of Court re: Approach iro Dies Induciae, Time Limits and the Reckoning of Time
- Rules of Court re: Approach, Abuse of Court Process, Strict and Substantial Compliance & Pleading of Form over Substance
- Rules of Court re: Autonomy of a Court over its own Rules and the Judicial Interference with Rules of Other Courts
Civil Procedure re: Rules of Evidence
- Approach re: Labour Proceedings
- Approach re: Obligation to Disclose All Information or Evidence to the Court iro Claim of Privilege
- Approach, Language of Record, Open Justice, Discovery, Obligation to Disclose All Information, Suppression & Ambush Tactics
- Corroborative Evidence re: Admissions, Unchallenged Evidence and the Right of Cross-Examination or Replication
- Corroborative Evidence re: Approach iro The Rule Against Narratives or Self-Corroboration
- Corroborative Evidence re: Approach iro Witness Statements
- Corroborative Evidence re: Approach, Affidavit of Interest, Uncorroborated or Single Witness Evidence & Evidence Aliunde
- Corroborative Evidence re: Hostile, Adverse or Recalcitrant Witness and Impeachment Proceedings
- Corroborative Evidence re: Pervasive or Undue Influence, Partisan Evidence, Prejudicial Evidence and Witness Coaching
- Direct, Concrete and Circumstantial Evidence, Key or Eye Witness, Inferential Reasoning, Evidence Aliunde and Res Gestae
- Documentary Evidence re: Caveat Subscriptor Rule and Recorded Intent: Unsigned Documents and Active Intent iro Approach
- Documentary Evidence re: Caveat Subscriptor Rule iro Effect of Representative Signations
- Documentary Evidence re: Caveat Subscriptor Rule iro Plea of Rectification and Defence of Retraction
- Documentary Evidence re: Caveat Subscriptor Rule iro Statutory Contracts
- Documentary Evidence re: Interrogatories
- Documentary Evidence re: Without Prejudice Rule
- Documentary Evidence, Certification, Commissioning, Authentication and the Best Evidence Rule re: Approach
- Documentary Evidence, Certification, Commissioning, Authentication and the Best Evidence Rule re: Digital Evidence
- Documentary Evidence, Certification, Commissioning, Authentication and the Best Evidence Rule re: Foreign Documentation
- Documentary Evidence, Certification, Commissioning, Authentication and the Best Evidence Rule re: Parliamentary Proceedings
- Documentary Evidence, Certification, Commissioning, Authentication and the Best Evidence Rule re: Public Documents
- Evidence of Identification, Tool Mark Evidence and the Defence of Alibi
- Evidence of Oath, Evidence Derived from Previous, Concurrent or Criminal Litigation, Perjury & Submissions from the Bar
- Evidence on Behalf of a Corporate Entity and Institutional Memory
- Expert Evidence, Opinion Evidence and Toolmark Evidence re: Approach and the Limited Expert Knowledge of the Court
- Expert Evidence, Opinion Evidence and Toolmark Evidence re: Disclaimers, Qualified Opinions & Opinions Without an Author
- Expert Evidence, Opinion Evidence and Toolmark Evidence re: Foreign Legislation and Political Reports
- Expert Evidence, Opinion Evidence and Toolmark Evidence re: Traditional or Indigenous Wisdom
- Findings of Fact re: Assessment of Evidence and Inferences iro Approach, Facta Probantia and Facta Probanda
- Findings of Fact re: Assessment of Evidence and Inferences iro Evidence Introduced and Assessed Mero Motu by the Court
- Findings of Fact re: Assessment of Evidence and Inferences iro Evidentiary Concessions & Conduct Resulting in Estoppel
- Findings of Fact re: Concessions or Agreements Between Counsel and the Abandonment of Concessions or Agreements
- Findings of Fact re: Witness Testimony iro Approach & the Presumption of Clarity of Events Nearer the Date of the Event
- Findings of Fact re: Witness Testimony iro Candidness with the Court and Deceptive or Misleading Evidence
- Hearsay Evidence, Res Gestae and Informants Not Presenting Corroborative Oral Evidence or Statements on Oath
- Inadmissible Evidence re: Approach, Illegally or Unlawfully Obtained or Tainted Evidence and the Exclusionary Rule
- Inadmissible Evidence re: Similar Fact Evidence and the Rule of Relevance
- Incapacitated and Incapable Witness
- Inspection in Loco
- Irrelevant Evidence, Speculative Evidence, Character Evidence, Implausible or Improbable Evidence and Rule of Relevance
- Onus, Burden & Standard of Proof & Rule that He Who Alleges Must Prove re: Criminal Allegations Raised in Civil Proceedings
- Onus, Burden and Standard of Proof and Principle that He Who Alleges Must Prove re: Approach
- Onus, Burden and Standard of Proof re: Bare Denials, Evidential Scales of Justice and the Effect of Judicial Questioning
- Onus, Burden and Standard of Proof re: Constitutional Right to Remain Silent
- Onus, Burden and Standard of Proof re: Evidential Standard and Burden of Proof iro Factual Issues in Doubt
- Onus, Burden and Standard of Proof re: Trial Within a Trial
- Prevaricative or Inconsistent Evidence and Approbating and Reprobating a Course in Proceedings
- Subpoena Ad Testificandum or Witness Summons re: Competent or Compellable Witness, Claim of Privilege & Rule of Relevance
- Subpoena Ad Testificandum or Witness Summons re: Competent Witness iro Officers of the Court & Judicial Support Staff
- Subpoena re: Subpoena Duces Tecum or Judicial Order for the Production of Documents and the Rule of Relevance
- Subpoena re: Warrant of Entry, Search and Seizure, Claim for Return of Seized Property and the Anton Piller Order
- Summary of Evidence
Company Law
- Company or Business Trade Name Protection and Change of Name
- Company Secretarial Services
- Directorship re: Approach, Powers, Boardroom Disputes and Collective Responsibility
- Domicile re: Nationality and Residence Status of a Company
- Legal Personality re: Approach, Rule of Separate Legal Existence, Business Trade Names & Fiction of Separate Legal Entity
- Legal Personality re: Dissolution of a Company, De-registered and Unregistered Companies
- Legal Personality re: Group Structures, Related Parties and the Arm's Length Principle
- Legal Personality re: Lifting Corporate Veil, Personal Liability of Directors, Alter Ego & Fiction of Separate Legal Entity
- Legal Personality re: Parastatals, Statutory Entity, State Institutions & Government Controlled Special Purpose Vehicles
- Legal Personality re: Proceedings Against a Corporate Entity and the Citation of Company Executives
- Pre-Incorporation Contracts
- Privatization of Parastatals, Statutory Corporations and Government Institutions
- Shareholding re: Allotment, Issue, Equity Transactions, Alienation or Disposal of Corporate Assets and Notifiable Mergers
- Shareholding re: Minority Shareholders, Derivative Action, Asserting Rights on Behalf of Company & Proper Plaintiff Rule
- Shareholding re: Shareholder Meetings iro Judicial Meetings
- Shareholding re: Shareholder Meetings, Notices, Quorums, Passing of Resolutions & Shareholder Rights
- Turquand Rule or Indoor Management Rule and the Presumption of Regularity re: Parastatals and Statutory Bodies
- Turquand Rule or Indoor Management Rule, the Presumption of Regularity in Corporate Affairs & the Doctrine of Estoppel
Company Law re: Co-operative Societies, Trusts, Voluntary and Un-incorporated Associations or Organisations
- Dissolution
- Objectives, Vesting of Administrative Powers, Disputes, Derivative Actions and the Proper Plaintiff Rule
- Registration. Legal Personality and Operational Autonomy of Governance Mechanisms
- Trust Property, Trust Res or Corpus
Company Law re: Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment and Affirmative Action
Company Law re: Partnership Law and Co-Ownership
- Approach, Partnership Agreement, Joint Ventures, Consortiums and Nature of the Business Relationship
- Division of Co-Ownership Assets re: Dissolution, Identification, Alienation or Disposal and the Actio Communi Dividundo
- Effect of Co-ownership Rights
- Legal Personality
Competition Law
- Approach
- Mergers, Acquisitions and Takeovers
- Unfair Trade Competition, Copyright Infringements, Trademark Infringements, Passing Off and Restraint of Trade
Constitutional Law
- Constitutional Application re: Amendment, Variation, Rescission and Correction of Judgments
- Constitutional Application re: Constitutional Appeal and Leave to Appeal
- Constitutional Application re: Enforcement of Constitutional Obligations
- Constitutional Application re: Fundamental Rights iro Direct Access, Referral, Locus Standi, Jurisdiction & Disguised Appeals
- Constitutional Application re: Interlocutory, Interim or Procedural Proceedings
- Constitutional Application re: Subsidiarity, Avoidance, Ripeness and Non-Constitutional Remedies
- Constitutional Appointments, Body Established by the Constitution, Administrative Powers, Tenure and Misconduct
- Constitutional Law re: Approach, Rationale of State Constitutions, Principle of Limited Government and the Governing Law
- Constitutional Law re: Dual Citizenship and Citizenship by Birth, Descent or Registration
- Constitutional Law re: International Treaties and the Observance of Pacta Sunt Servanda
- Constitutional Law re: Legal Age of Majority
- Constitutional Law re: Referendums
- Constitutional Law re: Separation of Powers, Accountability and Disputes Between the Arms of State
- Constitutional Rights re: Access to Courts, Legal Literacy, Judicial Independence, Impartiality, Dignity and Competence
- Constitutional Rights re: Approach, Scope, Limitation, Attenuation & Justiciability or Enforcement of Fundamental Rights
- Constitutional Rights re: Arrest, Detention and Security iro Constitutional Obligations of Security Forces & Personnel
- Constitutional Rights re: Arrest, Detention, Criminal Prosecution, Fair & Speedy Trial iro Permanent Stay and Systemic Delays
- Constitutional Rights re: Arrest, Detention, Prosecution, Fair Trial Rights, Liberty Rights & Habeas Corpus Proceedings
- Constitutional Rights re: Association, Assembly, Freedom to Demonstrate and Petition
- Constitutional Rights re: Children, Youth, the Upper Guardian of Minors and the Principle of Best Interests of Children
- Constitutional Rights re: Equal Protection of the Law, Non-Discrimination, Positive Discrimination and Classification
- Constitutional Rights re: Expression and Dignity
- Constitutional Rights re: Labour Rights
- Constitutional Rights re: Legal Representation
- Constitutional Rights re: Liberty, Torture, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment & Principle of Human Dignity
- Constitutional Rights re: Life
- Constitutional Rights re: Marriage Rights, Gender Equality, Parental or Guardianship Rights & Institution of the Family
- Constitutional Rights re: Movement and Residence
- Constitutional Rights re: National Objectives
- Constitutional Rights re: Political Rights, Electoral Rights, Coup d'etat and the Concepts of De Facto and De Jure Control
- Constitutional Rights re: Privacy
- Constitutional Rights re: Property Rights, Compulsory Deprivation, Arbitrary Eviction and the Right to Shelter
- Constitutional Rights re: Religion and Conscience
- Constitutional Rights re: Security
- Constitutional Rights re: Socio-Economic Rights, Protection of Societal Values and Norms, Good Governance and Social Trust
- Constitutional Rights re: Women's Rights
Constitutional Law re: Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions and Conduct and the Principle of Constitutionalism
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions and Conduct re: Approach, Declaration and Confirmation Proceedings
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Banking, Finance and Investment Laws
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Broadcasting Services Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Citizenship of Zimbabwe Act and Immigration Laws
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Civil Evidence Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Common Law Legal Principles
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Conduct, Action, Administrative and Judicial Decisions
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Constitutional Provisions
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Delegated or Subsidiary Legislation and Statutory Instruments
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Electoral Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Labour Laws
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Land Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Marriage Laws
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Police Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Political Parties (Finance) Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Prescription or Statute of Limitations Statutes
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Presidential Powers (Temporary Measures) Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Prisons Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Private Bills
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Public Order and Security Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Reconstruction of State Indebted Insolvent Companies Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Repealed Legislation and Retrospective Rights and Obligations
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: State Liabilities Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Statutes or Conduct in Breach of Non-Derogable Constitutional Rights
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Taxation Laws
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Traditional Leaders Act
- Constitutionality of Statutory Provisions re: Urban Councils Act
Constitutional Law re: Parliamentary Authority, Powers and Proceedings
- Clerk of Parliament re: Appointment and Dismissal
- Enactment of Legislation re: Approach, Bills, Presentation, Passing, Amendment, Assent and Repeal
- Enactment of Legislation re: Legislative Powers , Limitations to Legislative Powers, Judicial Activism and the Rule of Law
- Enactment of Legislation re: Urgent Statutes
- Impeachment Proceedings and Vacancy in the Office of the Presidium of the Republic
- Legal Status of Parliament, Parliamentary Privileges and the Vesting of Administrative Powers
- Misconduct and Discipline of Members of Parliament
- Parliamentary Rules re: Approach, Peremptory Provisions and the Doctrines of Strict Compliance & Substantial Compliance
- Speaker of Parliament re: Election, Functions and Powers
- Term of Office, Membership of Parliament, Principle of Representative Democracy and the Effect of Dissolution of Parliament
- Vacancies in the Membership of Parliament
Contract Law
- Approach re: Agreements to Contract in the Future and Memorandum of Understanding
- Approach re: Buy Back Agreement
- Approach re: Contract for the Benefit of a Third Party, Stipulatio Alteri & the Ratification or Adoption of Agreements
- Approach re: Contract of Hire, Letting, Supply of Goods and Services, Service Agreements and Fiscal Considerations
- Approach re: Pre-Financing Contracts
- Approach re: Staggered Performance Contracts or Execution in Stages and Progress Payment Transactions
- Debt Collection re: Collection Commission and the Simultaneous Claim of Collection Commission & Punitive Costs of Suit
- Debt Interest re: Contractual, Statutory, Judgment, Penalty, Usury, Accrual of Interest and Economic Inflationary Trends
- Debt Interest re: In Duplum Rule
- Debt Interest re: In Duplum Rule iro Statutory Obligations
- Debt re: Acknowledgement of Debt iro Assumption of Liability, Negotiorum Gestio, Expromissio & the Concept of Intercessio
- Debt re: Acknowledgement of Debt or Liquid Document, the Acceptance of Liability and the Claim on Stated Account
- Debt re: Contractual and Judgment Debt iro Approach, Proof of Claim, Execution, Revalorization and Civil Imprisonment
- Debt re: Joint and Several Liability
- Debt re: Quantum Meruit
- Debt re: Security, Executable Assets, Jus In re Aliena, Parate Executie or Summary Execution and Pactum Commissorium
- Debt re: Statutory Obligations and Approach to Statutory Defaulters
- Dispute Resolution re: Approach, Governing Law, Penalty Stipulations and Contractual Consequences of Breach of Contract
- Dispute Resolution re: Commercial Arbitration iro Approach, Proceedings, Registration and Execution of Arbitral Awards
- Dispute Resolution re: Commercial Arbitration iro International Disputes
- Guarantees, Warranties, Representations, Undertakings, Latent Defects, Patent Defects and Defective Performance
- Indemnification, Exemption or Exclusionary Clause
- Option, Reserved Right, Right of First Refusal and the Right of Pre-emption
- Set-Off, the Doctrine of Compensation or Compensatio re: Approach
- Set-Off, the Doctrine of Compensation or Compensatio re: Legal Practitioners Fees
- Set-Off, the Doctrine of Compensation or Compensatio re: Statutory Obligations
- Specific Performance re: Approach, Impossibility of Performance and the Exceptio Non Adimpleti Contractus
- Specific Performance re: Judicial Personal Rights Over Property iro Order for the Tender of Purchase Price
- Specific Performance re: Time of Performance iro Debtors Mora, Mora Ex Re, Mora Ex Persona, Interpellatio & Time of Essence
- Specific Performance re: Triable Issues
- Termination of Contracts and Notice of Cancellation re: Approach, Repudiation, Debtors Mora and Effect of Breach of Contract
- Termination of Contracts and Notice of Cancellation re: Breach of Non-Material Contractual Provisions
- Termination of Contracts and Notice of Cancellation re: Illegal Contracts
- Termination of Contracts and Notice of Cancellation re: Judicial Mora
- Termination of Contracts and Notice of Cancellation re: Statutory Inspired & Intentional Inducement of Contract Breach
- Unjust Enrichment re: Approach, Colore Officii or Extortion by Colour of Office, Equality and Equity Considerations
- Unjust Enrichment re: Illegal Contracts, Ex Turpi Causa and In Pari Delicto Rules, Criminal Liability & Just Cause Conduct
- Variation of Contracts re: Approach and Resolution of Contractual Lacunas
- Variation of Contracts re: Approach iro Collective Bargaining Agreements
- Variation of Contracts re: Approach iro Statutory Induced Variations
- Variation of Contracts re: Deed of Settlement, Compromise Agreement iro Assignment, Cession, Novation and Subrogation
- Variation of Contracts re: Deed of Settlement, Compromise Agreement iro Judicial & Mandatory Statutory Rights & Obligations
- Variation of Contracts re: Deed of Settlement, Compromise Agreement iro Tender of Settlement and Mitigation of Damages
- Variation of Contracts re: Deed of Settlement, Compromise Agreement iro Waiver, the Presumption Against Waiver & Estoppel
- Variation of Contracts re: Deed of Settlement, Compromise Agreement iro Without Prejudice Negotiations
- Variation of Contracts re: Mutual Exclusivity and Severability of Contractual Provisions and the Blue Pencil Rule
- Verbal or Oral Agreement, Undocumented Transactions and Unsigned Draft Agreements or Informal Contracts
Contract Law re: Essential Elements
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Approach iro Foundation, Sanctity, Privity, Retrospectivity & Judicial Variation of Contracts
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Approach iro Privity of Contract ito Consumer Contracts & Common Law Tenets of Natural Justice
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Approach iro Privity of Contract ito Inter-Related Contracts and Privity Inter Se or Tertia Pars
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Capacity to Contract & Presumption that Every Party to a Contract has Full Contractual Capacity
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Condition Precedent, Suspensive Conditions, Fictional Fulfilment & Exceptio Non Adimpleti Contractus
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Fraud or Fraudum Legis, Duress, Undue Influence and Misrepresentation
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Illegal Contracts and Agreements Contra Bonos Mores
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Inducements to Contract and the Doctrine of Consideration
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Mistake, Error, Justus Error or Reasonable Mistake and the Language of Record
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Offer and Acceptance, Counter-Offer and the Concept of Vinculum Juris
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Statutory Enforced Contracts
- Consensus Ad Idem re: Virtual Contracts
- Intent or Animus Contrahendi re: Deemed, Implied, Tacit, Unsigned Agreements or Informal Contracts
- Intent or Animus Contrahendi re: Proprietory, Financial Interest and Nominal Parties
- Intent or Animus Contrahendi re: Simulated or Disguised Agreements
- Intent or Animus Contrahendi re: Trade or Past Practices, Parol Evidence Rule, Integration Rule, Rectification & Retraction
- Intent or Animus Contrahendi re: Trade Practices, Parole Evidence Rule, Integration Rule iro Arbitration Proceedings
Contract Law re: Lotteries, Gaming and Promotions
Contract Law re: Purchase and Sale
- Contract of Sale re: Approach, Essential Elements, Contract for Merx Not Yet in Existence and Validity of Contract
- Contract of Sale re: Conditional, Unconditional, Suspensive Sales and the Officious Bystander Test
- Contract of Sale re: Contract of Consignment
- Contract of Sale re: Types of Sales, Third Party Eviction, Possession, Ownership and the Passing of Risk and Title
- Delivery, Modes of Delivery and Remedies for Non-Delivery
- Purchase Price re: Approach, Terms of Payment, Ad Stipulator and the Actio Venditi
- Purchase Price re: Fiscal or Taxation Considerations
- Quotations and Orders
Contract Law re: Purchase and Sale iro Procurement and Tender
Damages
- Damages re: Approach iro Public Claims on the State
- Damages re: Assessment and Evidence of Damages iro Approach and the Once and For All Rule
- Damages re: Assessment and Evidence of Damages iro Proof of Claim and Quantification
- Damages re: Assessment and Evidence of Damages iro Proof of Claim and Quantification ito Matrimonial Disputes
- Damages re: Contingent Right to Damages
- Damages re: Contractual Damages, Damages In Lieu of Specific Performance & Contractual Effects of Breach of Contract
- Damages re: Currency Nominalism, Economic Inflationary Trends and the Revalorization of Damages, Claims or Court Orders
- Damages re: Holding Over Damages
- Damages re: Labour Proceedings
- Damages re: Leased Premises Defects and Un-authorised Property Structural Adjustments
- Damages re: Punitive Damages
- Damages re: Remote Damages
- Delictual Damages re: Adultery Damages
- Delictual Damages re: Bodily, Personal Injury or Contumelia and Non-Patrimonial Loss iro Approach
- Delictual Damages re: Bodily, Personal Injury or Contumelia and Non-Patrimonial Loss iro Emotional or Mental Distress
- Delictual Damages re: Bodily, Personal Injury or Contumelia and Non-Patrimonial Loss iro Pet Husbandry
- Delictual Damages re: Defamation, Malicious Prosecution, Arrest and Execution against Property
- Delictual Damages re: Economic or Monetary Loss iro Commercial, Pecuniary, Patrimonial, Loss of Income or Revenue
- Delictual Damages re: Economic or Monetary Loss iro Property Loss or Damage
- Delictual Damages re: Professional Negligence
Delict Law
- Adultery
- Contumelia, Injuria, Assault, Malicious or Wrongful Prosecution, Arrest or Detention and Execution against Property
- Defamation re: Approach and the Ipsissima Verba Rule
- Defamation, Plea of Justification, Fair Comment & Constitutional Right to Freedom of Expression re: Political Defamation
- Defamation, the Pleas of Justification or Privilege, Fair Comment and the Constitutional Right to Freedom of Expression
- Negligence or Dolus re: Approach and the Lex Aquilia or Aquilian Actions
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Contributory Negligence
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Intentional Inducement of Breach of Contract & the Intrusion of Contractual Rights
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Loss Arising from Commercial and Professional Negligence
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Loss Arising from Industrial Accident
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Loss Arising from Road Traffic Accident
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Loss Arising from Road Traffic Accident ito Police Investigations
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Loss Arising from Road Traffic Accident ito Violation of Road Traffic Rules
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Sexual Harassment, Emotional and Mental Distress
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Vicarious Liability
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Vicarious Liability ito Delicts of Legal Practitioners in Course & Scope of Duty
- Negligence or Dolus re: Liability iro Voluntary Assumption of Risk
Education Law
- Enforcement of Discipline, Chastisement or Corporal Punishment
- Enrolment Contract, Religious Community Schools, Religious Freedom and the Constitutional Right to Education
- Examinations
- Fee Structure, Non-Payment of Fees and Debt Collection
- Political Activities of Educational Institutions, Proselytisation & the Constitutional Right to Freedom of Conscience
- Student Representative Body
Electoral Law
- Coup d'etat , the Concepts of De Facto and De Jure Control & the Effect of Authority Exercised by the Usurping Power
- Diaspora Voters or Citizens Resident in Foreign Countries
- Electoral Petitions re: Abeyance or Suspension of Holding Elections
- Electoral Petitions re: Approach, Form, Manner and Nature of Electoral Proceedings
- Electoral Petitions re: Conduct of Elections, Principle of Majority Rule and the Presumption of Validity of an Election
- Electoral Petitions re: Counting, Verification, Collation, the Declaration of Results and Custody of Electoral Residue
- Electoral Petitions re: Nomination Court and Electoral Court iro Functions, Powers, Proceedings and Tenure of the Bench
- Electoral Petitions re: Nomination iro Criminal Record, Convicted Candidates and Grounds for Disqualification
- Incapacitated Voters and the Assistance to Cast their Vote
- Invalid Votes or Spoilt Ballots
- Media Coverage
- Political Party Symbols and the Design of Election Ballot Paper
- Postal Ballots, Special Voters and the Special Voting Process
- Voter Education and Post-Election Campaigns
- Voters Roll and Voter Registration
- Voting Systems
Energy and Power Law
- Electrical Energy
- Liquid Fuels
Environment Law
- Hazardous Substances and Waste
- Wetlands
Estate Law re: Approach and Deceased Estates
- Appointment of Executor, Trustee and Curator re: Approach iro Protection of Minors and Incapacitated Persons Interests
- Appointment of Executor, Trustee and Curator re: Approach, Scope, Powers and Obligations
- Appointment of Executor, Trustee and Curator re: Deceased Foreigners and the Recognition of International Appointments
- Appointment of Executor, Trustee and Curator re: Fees and the Assessment Thereof
- Appointment of Executor, Trustee and Curator re: Removal , Resignation, Renunciation and Discharge Qua Executor
- Division of Estate Property re: Alienation or Disposal of Estate Property and the Protection of Minor Heirs Interests
- Division of Estate Property re: Distribution Account, Inheritance Plan, Objections, Confirmation, Setting Aside & Re-opening
- Division of Estate Property re: Registration, Composition of Deceased Estate, Creditors Claims and Non-Estate Property
- Estates of Minors and Incapacitated Persons re: Approach
- Legal Status of a Deceased Estate and the Execution of Court Orders Granted Prior to the Deceased's Death
- Master's Report, the Master of the High Court's Authority and Obligations to Heirs and Minors
- Rights of Beneficiaries re: Antenuptial Contracts and the Joinder of Estates
- Rights of Beneficiaries re: Claim of Beneficiaries to Occupy Immovable Property, Rights to Habitatio & Usufruct Rights
- Rights of Beneficiaries re: Inheritance Ab Intestate and Property Transcending Separate Estates
- Rights of Beneficiaries re: Intestate Succession iro Approach, Maintenance, Surviving Spouse and Children
- Rights of Beneficiaries re: Testate Succession iro Freedom of Testation, Variation of a Will & Adoption of an Invalid Will
Estate Law re: Insolvency
- Appointment and Removal of Judicial Manager or Liquidator and Vested Powers re: Financial Institutions
- Appointment and Removal of Judicial Manager, Liquidator, Corporate Rescue Practitioner and Vested Powers re: Approach
- Approach re: Fees or Remuneration
- Approach re: Insolvency
- Composition of Estate Assets and Non-Estate Property
- Contracting with a Declared Insolvent Company or Individual and the Voluntary Assumption of Risk
- Distribution Account, Objections, Setting Aside and Reopening Thereof
- Judicial Management re: Approach, Confirmation or Discharge of Provisional Judicial Management Order
- Judicial Management re: Corporate Reconstruction and the Reconstruction Order
- Judicial Management re: Corporate Rescue or Business Rescue
- Liquidation or Winding Up re: Approach, Confirmation or Discharge of Provisional Order & Rescission of a Liquidation Order
- Liquidation or Winding Up re: Co-operative Societies, Trusts, Voluntary and Un-incorporated Associations or Organisations
- Liquidation or Winding Up re: Distribution, Alienation or Disposal of Assets and the Concept of Concursus Creditorum
- Proceedings Involving Insolvent Entities and the Procedure As To Extant Litigation re: Approach and Leave to Sue
- Proceedings Involving Insolvent Entities and the Procedure As To Extant Litigation re: Foreign Insolvent Companies
- Sequestration
Exhumation Law
Extradition Law and the Principle of Non-Refoulement
Family Law
- Approach re: Interim or De Facto Control of Assets of the Spouses, Custody and Maintenance
- Approach re: Marriage Categories and the Effect of Classification of Marriages
- Custody, Guardianship and Access re: Incapacitated Adults and Perpetual Minors
- Custody, Guardianship and Access re: Majority Status Children
- Custody, Guardianship and Access re: Minors iro Approach, the Upper Guardian of Minors and Best Interests of Children
- Custody, Guardianship and Access re: Minors iro Children Born out of Wedlock, Parents on Separation & Customary Law Unions
- Custody, Guardianship and Access re: Minors iro Retention or Removal From a Domestic or International Jurisdiction
- Custody, Guardianship and Access re: Minors iro Surrogacy Agreements
- Custody, Guardianship and Access re: Minors iro Third Party Custodians
- Custody, Guardianship and Access re: Minors iro Variation of Custody Order
- Decree of Divorce re: Civil Rites Marriage iro Validity of a Subsequent Civil Marriage consummated by Divorced Parties
- Decree of Divorce re: Civil Rites or Solemnized Marriage iro Approach, the Fault Principle and Triable Issues
- Decree of Divorce re: Contribution Towards a Spouse's Costs of Suit in Divorce Proceedings
- Decree of Divorce re: Customary Law Union
- Decree of Divorce re: Customary Law Union iro Arrear Lobola and the Customary Law Approach to Infidelity
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Antenuptial Contracts
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Approach, Clean Break Principle & Maintenance of the Status Quo Stante Matrimonii
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Claim of Custodian Parent to Reside in the Marital Home and Usufruct Rights
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Cohabitation and Customary Law Union
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Cohabitation and Customary Law Union iro Putative Marriage
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Direct and Indirect Contributions iro Approach and Principle of Jus in re Propria
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Direct and Indirect Contributions iro Commercial Enterprises & Alter Ego Principle
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Direct and Indirect Contributions iro Marital Misconduct and the Fault Principle
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Encumbered Property and Rights in Contracts
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Monetary Debts, Doctrine of Providing Neccessaries to Spouse & the Duty of Support
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Non-Matrimonial Property and the Composition of the Distributable Estate
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Prejudicial Disposal or Alienation of Marital Assets iro Antenuptial Contracts
- Division of Assets of the Spouses re: Prejudicial Disposal, Alienation or Concealment of Assets & Marital Property Regime
- Domestic Violence re: Approach and the Peace Order
- Domestic Violence re: Juvenile Corporal Punishment, Enforcement of Discipline or Chastisement
- Maintenance re: Approach, Disclosure of Income and Expenditure and the Judicial Inquiry into Ability to Pay
- Maintenance re: Majority Status Children, Perpetual Minors and the Perpetual Dependence Syndrome
- Maintenance re: Minors
- Maintenance re: Minors iro Step-Children and the Obligations of Step-Parents
- Maintenance re: Spousal or Post Divorce Maintenance, the Perpetual Dependence Syndrome and Maintenance Pendente Lite
- Maintenance re: Spousal or Post-Divorce Maintenance iro Gross Marital Misconduct and the Fault Principle
- Maintenance re: Variation, Suspension, Extension, Discharge or Rescission of a Maintenance Order and Arrear Maintenance
- Paternity, Maternity, Adoption of Children and the Passing Off of Children re: Approach and Effect of Adopting
- Paternity, Maternity, Adoption of Children and the Passing Off of Children re: Change of Name
Immigration Law
- Domicile re: Habitual Residence
- Dual Citizenship and Citizenship by Birth, Descent or Registration
- Entry into the Country, Prohibited Persons and Immigration Detention
- Permanent Residence
Insurance Law
- Insurance Broking, Insurance Cover, Statutory Policies, Liability for Premiums, Claims and the Lapsing of Policies
International Law
- International Law re: Access to Courts, Judicial Independence, Impartiality, Conduct and Tenure
- International Law re: Approach, Incorporating or Domesticating International Instruments and Pacta Sunt Servanda
- International Law re: Arbitration Proceedings
- International Law re: Association and Assembly
- International Law re: Children's Rights
- International Law re: Commercial Carriage
- International Law re: Copyright, Trademark Infringements and Passing Off
- International Law re: Currency Nominalism
- International Law re: Equal Protection of the Law, Non-Discrimination, Positive Discrimination and Classification
- International Law re: Expression, Conscience and Religious Rights
- International Law re: Fair Trial Rights
- International Law re: Labour Relations and Socio-Economic Rights
- International Law re: Marriage Rights, Gender Equality and Parental or Guardianship Rights
- International Law re: Mergers, Aquisitions and Takeovers
- International Law re: Political Rights
- International Law re: Property Rights and the Rights to Shelter
- International Law re: Sovereign Immunity and the Doctrines of Absolute, Restrictive and Functional Immunity
- International Law re: Statute of Limitation Statutes
- International Law re: Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment, Human Rights, Extradition & the Principle of Non-Refoulement
- International Law re: Women's Rights
Labour, Retirement and Pensions Law
- Arbitration re: Approach, Proceedings Before an Arbitrator and Registration and Execution of Arbitral Awards
- Arbitration re: Conciliation, Disputes of Interest and Right & Confirmation and Registration of Labour Officer Rulings
- Arbitration re: Direct Access to the Labour Court
- Collective Bargaining Agreements and the Enforcement of Contractual Rights and Obligations Flowing Therefrom
- Collective Job Action or Labour Strike, Disputes of Interest and Right or Negotiable and Non-Negotiable Disputes
- Discipline re: Damages in Lieu of Reinstatement and Reinstatement Orders iro Approach
- Discipline re: Damages in Lieu of Reinstatement and Reinstatement Orders iro Contractual Status of Employee
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Approach ito Presumption of Innocent Until Proven Guilty
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Approach ito Procedural Irregularities & Resolving Matters on Technicalities
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Approach, Appeal and Review of Misconduct Proceedings and Suspension from Duty
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Concurrent Criminal and Civil Proceedings and the Concept of Double Jeopardy
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Conduct Inconsistent With Express & Implied Conditions of Employment Contract
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Conduct Inconsistent with Public Office and Public Service Personnel
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Guilt By Association
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Hearing Panel, Verdict, Incapacitation and Disagreements of Presiding Officers
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Misconduct Outside the Workplace and Misdeeds During a Contractual Lacuna
- Discipline re: Disciplinary Hearings iro Misconduct Proceedings Held in Absentia or Default of Appearance
- Employment Contract re: Approach iro Public Office
- Employment Contract re: Approach, Pre-employment Formalities and Implied, Inferred, Explicit and Statutory Conditions
- Employment Contract re: Contractual and Terminal Benefits, Vested Rights of Ex-Employees & Retention of Company Property
- Employment Contract re: Engagement of Serving Members of the Security Services in Civilian Institutions
- Employment Contract re: Fixed Term Contracts, Casualisation of Labour and Tacit Relocation or Tacit Renewal
- Employment Contract re: Forced Labour
- Employment Contract re: International Organisations
- Employment Contract re: Oath of Secrecy, Access and Disclosure of Confidential Information and the Breach of Trust
- Employment Contract re: Religious Community Entities
- Employment Contract re: Termination iro Constructive Dismissal
- Employment Contract re: Termination iro Retirement
- Employment Contract re: Termination iro Retrenchment and Severance Agreements
- Employment Contract re: Termination iro Termination on Notice, Summary and Mutual Termination, Resignation & Repudiation
- Employment Contract re: Transfer or Secondment of Employees iro Acting Role, Interim Contractual Lacuna & Quantum Meruit
- Employment Contract re: Transfer or Secondment of Employees iro Employee Conveyance Agreements Between Companies
- Employment Contract re: Transfer or Secondment of Employees iro Public Office
- Employment Contract re: Transfer or Secondment of Employees, Variation of Conditions of Service & Disguised Retrenchments
- Legitimate Expectation
- Sick Leave, Retirement on Medical Grounds and Termination of Employment Contract on Grounds of Incapacity
- Unfair Labour Practices and the Constitutional Right to Fair Labour Practices re: Approach
- Unfair Labour Practices and the Constitutional Right to Fair Labour Practices re: Sexual Harassment
- Workers Committee, Trade Unions, Union Membership, Legal Representation and Obligations of Workers Representatives
Legal Practitioners, Officers of the Court, Self Actors and Litigants
- Advocates Chambers and Operations of the De Facto Bar
- Legal Practitioner and Client Privilege
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience before Courts re: Amicus Curiae or Friend of the Court
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience before Courts re: Approach, State Functionaries and Judicial Interference
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience before Courts re: Discipline, Registration, De-registration and Curatorship
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience before Courts re: Non-Legal Practitioner Representative Capacity
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience before Courts re: Pro Deo and Pro Amico Representation
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience before Courts re: Self Actors and the Presumption of Knowledge of the Law
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience before Courts re: Switching of Legal Representation in the Course of Proceedings
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience before Courts re: Watching Brief and Foreign Representatives
- Practicing Certificates and Right of Audience re: Assumption, Renunciation of Agency & Correspondent Legal Practitioners
- Professional Ethics, Legal Duty to the Court and Clients, Dominus Litis and Correspondence with the Court
Local Authorities Law
- Appointment and Discipline of Senior Local Authority Officials
- Appointment and Removal of Mayor, Deputy Mayor and the Suspension and Dismissal of Councillors
- Autonomy, Delegated Authority and Good Governance
- Council Meetings and Powers and Extent of Council Resolutions
- Disease Control and Animal Control
- Land Development, Change of Use of Land, Housing Co-operatives, Informal Settlements and Illegal Structures
- Licencing re: Approach, Seizure and Forfeiture
- Special Interest Councillors
- Title to Land, Rights to Minerals, Powers of Repossession, Imposition of Taxes and Impounding
- Tollgates re: Location of Tolling Points
Medical and Dental Practitioners Law
- Medical Aid Societies
- Medicines Control
- Practicing Certificates
Mining Law
Property Law
- Double Sales or Competing Claims and the Assessment of Bona Fides and Dominant Rights
- Lease Agreements re: Agreement of Lease with a Local Authority and the Registration, Sale and Cession of Rights
- Lease Agreements re: Approach and Essential Elements
- Lease Agreements re: Damages, Maintenance, Improvements, Negotiorum Gestio & Ownership of Fixtures and Fittings
- Lease Agreements re: Landlord's Tacit Hypothec or Landlords Lien
- Lease Agreements re: Lease to Buy Agreement and Lease With an Option to Purchase
- Lease Agreements re: Long Lease or Lease in Longum Tempus
- Lease Agreements re: Provision for Security Services on Leased Premises
- Lease Agreements re: Termination iro Hire Takes Precedence Over Sale Concept & Death or Dissolution of Lessor or Lessee
- Lease Agreements re: Termination, Notice of Termination & the Exceptio Doli Mali iro Lessee Eviction & Incidental Possessors
- Lease Agreements re: Termination, Notice of Termination and the Exceptio Doli Mali iro Sub-Lessee Eviction
- Lease re: Rent Regulations iro Approach, Exempt Entities, Exempt Locations and Matters of Procedure
- Lease re: Rent Regulations iro Commitment, Goodwill and Lease Preference Fees
- Lease re: Rent Regulations iro Statutory Tenant, Sitting Tenant, Tacit Relocation and Express and Tacit Renewal
- Passing of Ownership and Proof of Title re: Donation Transfer & the Revocation of Donatio Inter Vivos & Stante Matrimonio
- Passing of Ownership and Proof of Title re: Lease to Buy, Lease With an Option to Purchase and Township or High Density Suburbs
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title and Jus in re Propria re: Approach, Registration of Title and Deeds or Title Search
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title and Jus in re Propria re: Implied Lawful Right of Ownership
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title and Jus in re Propria re: Instalment Sale of Land
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title and Jus in re Propria re: Replacement Title Deed
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title and Jus in re Propria re: Rural Land
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title and Jus in re Propria re: Sale of Mortgaged Property
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title and Jus in re Propria re: Stipulatio Alteri
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title and Jus in re Propria re: Subdivisions, Land Developments and Servicing of Stands
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title re: Movable Property & Principle that Possession Raises a Presumption of Ownership
- Passing of Ownership, Proof of Title, Personal Rights and Cancellation or Diminution of Real Rights re: Immovable Property
- Res Litigiosa, Caveats, the Anti-Dissipation Interdict and Disposal of Encumbered Property re: Arbitration Proceedings
- Res Litigiosa, Caveats, the Anti-Dissipation Interdict and Liability for Disposal of Encumbered Property
- Spoliation or Mandament van Spolie and the Claim of Abandonment re: Human Beings or Living Persons
- Spoliation or Mandament van Spolie and the Claim of Abandonment re: Matrimonial Dispute
- Spoliation or Mandament van Spolie re: Approach, Claim of Abandonment and Freedom from Arbitrary Eviction
- Spoliation or Mandament van Spolie re: Incorporeal Rights
- Spoliation or Mandament van Spolie re: Possessory Rights and Right of Access Contracts
- Vindicatory Action or Rei Vindicatio re: Approach iro Equity Relief
- Vindicatory Action or Rei Vindicatio re: Approach, Ownership Rights, Claim of Right, Estoppel and Lien
- Vindicatory Action or Rei Vindicatio re: Claim of Retention or Lien Pending Compensation and Negotiorum Gestio
- Vindicatory Action or Rei Vindicatio re: Matrimonial Dispute
- Vindicatory Action or Rei Vindicatio re: Pecuniary or Monetary Assets, Animals and Movables
- Vindicatory Action or Rei Vindicatio re: Possessory Rights
- Vindicatory Action or Rei Vindicatio re: Res Litigiosa or Alienated Disputed Assets
Property Law re: Land Acquisition or Expropriation
- Land Acquisition re: Compulsory Acquisition iro Commercial Farmland and the Certificate of No Present Interest
- Land Acquisition re: Compulsory Acquisition iro Communal Land
- Land Acquisition re: Compulsory Acquisition iro Farm Employees Affected by Compulsory Acquisition
- Land Acquisition re: Compulsory Acquisition iro Farm Equipment, Farm Material & Right to Compensation for Improvements
- Land Acquisition re: Compulsory Acquisition iro Investment Protection Treaties
- Land Acquisition re: Compulsory Acquisition iro Plantation Crops
- Land Acquisition re: Compulsory Acquisition iro Urban Development and Settlement
- Land Acquisition re: Eviction, Offer Letters and the Lawful Authority to Occupy Gazetted Land
- Land Acquisition re: Legality of the Land Reform Programme
- Land Acquisition re: Rationale or Policy Behind the Land Reform Programme
- Land Acquisition re: Resettlement and Operational Challenges of the Land Reform Programme
Socio-Economic Law, Good Governance and Social Trust
Tax Law
- Approach re: Advance Tax Rulings, Tax Directives, Rectification of Mistakes of Law and the Doctrine of Estoppel
- Approach re: Functions & Powers of Revenue Authority, Fiscal Appeals or Objections & the Pay Now Argue Later Principle
- Capital Gains Tax, Stamp Duty and Transfer Costs
- Contingent Liabilities
- Customs and Excise Duty re: Container Depots
- Customs and Excise Duty re: Identity of Importer, Ownership, Classification, Valuation of Goods & Calculation and Payment
- Customs and Excise Duty re: Losses Incurred in the Manufacturing Process on Licenced Premises
- Customs and Excise Duty re: Post Importation Clearance Audit and the Doctrine of Pactum de non Petendo
- Customs and Excise Duty, Smuggling and Unlawful Import and Export of Goods re: Impound, Embargo, Seizure and Forfeiture
- Debt Interest re: In Duplum Rule iro Tax Obligation
- Garnishee Order and Representative Taxpayers
- Immigrants or Returning Residents Rebate
- Penalties and Interest
- Tax Avoidance, Tax Evasion, Tax Defaulters and the Tax Amnesty
- Taxable Income and Tax Deductions re: Approach
- Taxable Income and Tax Deductions re: Notional Income
- Temporary Exports
- Value Added Tax
- Withholding Tax
Tourism, Parks and Wildlife Management Law
Traditional Leadership Law
- Functions, Status, Role and Political Activities of Traditional Leaders
- Nomination, Appointment, Misconduct, Suspension and the Removal of Traditional Leaders
Transport, Roads Management and Commercial Storage Law
- Air, Land, Sea Carriage and Commercial Storage
- Transport re: Tollgates and Vehicle Licencing

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HH21-10 : TIME SAHWIRA MUPINGA vs THE COMMISSION GENERAL ZIMBABWE REVENUE AUTHORITY (ZIMRA) and MINISTER OF FINANCE Ruled By: MTSHIYA J

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Zimbabwe

HH21-10 : TIME SAHWIRA MUPINGA vs THE COMMISSION GENERAL ZIMBABWE REVENUE AUTHORITY (ZIMRA) and MINISTER OF FINANCE
Ruled By: MTSHIYA J