GARWE JA: This is an appeal against
the decision of the Labour Court remitting the matter to an arbitrator for the
determination of the salary increment to be awarded to employees of the
applicant.
At
the hearing of this matter, it appeared to this Court that the respondent,
simply cited as "Workers Committee", was not a legal persona, capable of being sued.
Accordingly both counsel were asked to address the Court on the
matter. Both counsel accepted that the
respondent, which is a workers committee appointed by workers of the appellant
company, is not a legal persona and
cannot therefore be sued.
Section
23(1) of the Labour Act [Cap. 28:01] ("the Act")
provides that employees employed by any one employer may appoint or elect a
workers committee to represent their interests.
On the functions of the workers committee s 24 of the Act provides
in subs (1) as follows:
"(1) A workers committee shall -
(a)
Subject to this Act, represent the
employees concerned in any matter affecting their rights and interests; and
(b)
Subject to subsection (3), be entitled
to negotiate with the employer concerned a collective bargaining agreement
relating to the terms and conditions of employment of the employees concerned;
and
(c)
Subject to Part XIII, be entitled to
recommend collective job action to the employees concerned; and
(d)
Where a works council is or is to be
constituted at any workplace, elect some of its members to represent employees
on the works council."
It
is clear from the above provision that it is the function of the workers committee
to represent the employees in any matter affecting their rights and interests
and to negotiate with the employer a collective bargaining relating to the
terms and conditions of the employees concerned. The Act has not made provision for the workers
committee to operate as a legal persona. Had this been the intention, the Act would no
doubt have said so.
The
issue of the legal status of the respondent assumes greater significance in a
case such as this one where there could be issues of costs involved.
Under
the common law, an unincorporated association, not being a legal persona, cannot as a general rule, sue
or be sued in its name apart from the individual members, whose names have to
be cited in the summons. A universitas on the other hand has the
capacity, apart from the rights of the individuals forming it, to acquire
rights and incur obligations. The
position is also established that a body that has no constitution is not a universitas for it is the constitution
that determines whether an association is or is not a universitas.
On
a proper interpretation of s 24 of the Act, it is clear that a workers
committee exists to safeguard and champion the interests and welfare of the
workers at the work place. It has no
other function. There is no provision in
the Act requiring a workers committee to adopt a constitution. There is also no requirement for a workers
committee to acquire rights apart from the rights of the individuals forming it
and the employees they represent. There
is also no provision for a workers committee to acquire assets in its own name.
In
contrast, s 29 of the Act has provided that upon registration, every trade union,
employers' organisation or federation shall become a body corporate and in its
corporate name shall be capable of suing and being sued. Such bodies are required by s 28 to adopt a
written constitution.
Had
the intention of Parliament been to clothe a workers committee with some legal
status, the Act would no doubt have said so.
The fact that it did not do so suggests that the intention was not to
give the committee any other additional rights.
I
am aware that in cases such as Thomas
Meikles Centre (Pvt) Ltd v (1) TM National Workers Committee (2) D Mvududu N.O. (3) The Minister of Public
Service, Labour and Social Welfare SC 77/02 and Olivine Industries (Pvt) Ltd v Olivine Workers Committee 2000(2)
ZLR 200(S) this Court proceeded on the basis that the workers committee cited
in the appeal proceedings was properly before it. The issue of the legal status of the workers
committee had not, however, been raised and consequently a determination of the
legal status of the workers committee never became necessary.
However
in Cold Storage Company National Workers
Committee v Cold Storage Company Limited HB-8-02, the legal capacity of the
workers committee to institute the proceedings in that matter was raised. In dismissing the application, the court
remarked at p 2 of the cyclostyled judgment:
"The
legislature did not give the workers' committee the right to sue and to be sued
like it did to the employment council.
In s 60 of the Act, employment councils were made bodies corporate,
capable of suing and being sued. It
seems to me that if the intention of the legislature was to make workers committee
legal personae it would have said so.
The
applicant, however, argued that it derived its authority from the provisions of
the Act quoted supra. It seems to me
that the argument ignores the fact that in the event of the case going in
favour of the other party with costs such party would have no one to recover
its costs from, as the applicant is not capable of suing and being sued. There would also be no one to execute the
order against."
I
would agree with the above remarks.
The
respondent, not being a legal persona,
is not properly before this Court. The
proceedings before the Labour Court and prior to that, the arbitrator, were
similarly void.
On
the issue of costs, it seems to me that, regard being had to the fact that
there is no respondent before this Court, an order that there be no order as to
costs would meet the justice of the case.
The proceedings
are accordingly struck off the roll with no order as to costs.
OMERJEE
AJA: I agree
GOWORA
AJA: I agree
Wintertons,
appellant's legal practitioners
Guni & Guni, respondent's legal practitioner
