MATHONSI J: The Applicant entered into a lease agreement with
Karen Zakeyo, the first Respondent's wife, in January 2010 in terms of which he
leased house No. 1 -3 Dublin Road Riverside, Bulawayo from the said Karen Zakeyo
who is out of the country. At the
conclusion of the lease agreement Karen Zakeyo was represented by her father
one, Amos Zakeyo, by virtue of a power of attorney.
For
sometime, the Applicant dealt with and paid rent to Amos Zakeyo but at a later
stage the first Respondent returned to Zimbabwe from where he was and took over
the responsibility of dealing with the Applicant. The house in question is registered in the
sole name of Karen Zakeyo.
It
is common cause that the first Respondent does not hold a power of attorney to
act on behalf of his wife. However, on
the 14th September 2010, the first Respondent issued summons out of
the magistrates' court in Bulawayo seeking an order for the eviction of the
Applicant from that house for non-payment of rent.
The
Applicant caused an appearance to defend to be entered and filed a plea. As the first Respondent took the view that
the Applicant did not have a bona fide defence and that
appearance had been entered for purposes of delay, he filed an application for summary
judgment on 28 September 2010. That
application was served on first Respondent on 30 September 2010 and was set
down for hearing on 7 October 2010.
On
that date the matter was argued before the magistrate who dismissed the
Applicant's contention that the first Respondent lacked locus standi
in judicio by reason that there was no privity of contract
between him and the Applicant, the lease agreement having been entered into
between the Applicant and first Respondent's wife. She curiously granted an order for the
eviction of the Applicant, while referring the dispute over the alleged
non-payment of rentals, to trial. In
doing so, she reasoned as follows:
“It is therefore this
court'(s) consideration that the issue of arrear rentals be dealt with at a
later stage affording defendant ample time to file his opposing papers. In the meantime defendant is evicted from the
premises.”
In
terms of the summons filed in the magistrates' court the basis for seeking
eviction was non-payment of rent and it is not easy to understand how summary
judgment could be granted for eviction when the court accepted the existence of
a triable issue on the payment of rent.
The
Applicant has filed a court application for review of the proceedings in this
court under case number HC 142/10 which matter is now pending. He has cited a number of grounds for review
but the ones that I find compelling are:
(a) gross irregularity in
the proceedings on the basis of failure to comply with the rules of court.
(b) gross irregularity in the
proceedings on the basis of lack of locus standi in judicio
on the part of the first Respondent who was plaintiff in the magistrates court.
(c) gross irregularity in
the decision in that, while accepting that there was a triable issue involving
the alleged non-payment of rent, which was the sole reason for seeking eviction
in the summons, the magistrate still found it fit to grant the eviction order.
The grounds upon which this court
can review the proceedings and indeed the decision of the magistrate are set
out in section 27(1) of the High Court Act, [Chapter 7:06] which provides:
“Subject to this Act, and any
other law, the grounds on which any proceedings and decision may be brought on
review before the High Court shall be-
(a)
absence of jurisdiction on the part of the court,
tribunal or authority concerned;
(b)
interest in the cause, bias, malice or corruption on
the part of the person presiding over the court or tribunal concerned or on the
part of the authority concerned, as the case may be;
(c)
gross irregularity in the proceedings or the decision” (The underlining is mine).
Mr Ncube for the
Applicant strongly argued that it was a gross irregularity for the matter to be
set down on short notice thereby failing to accord the Applicant sufficient
time to prepare his opposition. Order 15
Rule 1(2) of the Magistrates Court (Civil) Rules, 1980 provides:
“An application in terms of
subrule(1) (i.e. summary judgment application), shall be made on not less
than seven days' notice delivered not more than seven days after the date
of the defendants appearance to defend,.....”
In
casu, the messenger of court's return of service shows that the
Applicant was served on the 30th September 2010 which gave the
Applicant virtually four days notice instead of the prescribed 7 days Order 15
Rule 1(2) is a peremptory provision by virtue of the use of the word “shall” in
that Rule.
It
admits of no discretion whatsoever and I do not agree with Mr Nyoni who appeared for the first Respondent that failure to
comply with that Rule is an irregularity but not one that is gross as envisaged
by section 27(1)(c) of the High Court Act.
In my view failure to comply with a peremptory provision can only amount
to a gross irregularity. To hold
otherwise would make nonsense of that provision.
The
first Respondent is not the registered owner of the rented premises. He was not a party to the lease agreement
concluded between his wife and the Applicant.
The claim that he filed was based on a lease agreement he was not privy
to. In my view he did not have locus
standi in judicio to sue for the eviction of the Applicant
in his own name. His marriage to Karen
Zakeyo did not give him contractual or vindicatory rights of whatever nature.
See
Muswere v Makanza HH 16/2005
(unreported). After all all marriages in this country are
out of community of property.
There
is also the issue of the decision to grant eviction while referring the dispute
over rentals to trial. It's like the
proverbial putting the cart ahead of the horse.
Eviction could only be premised upon proof of non-payment of rent. Where the alleged non-payment had not been
determined, there could be no eviction. Mr Nyoni sought to rely on the case of Bridges and Hulme (Pvt) Ltd v Magistrate,
Bulawayo and Another 1996(1) ZLR 542 as authority for the argument that the
magistrate may have made a wrong conclusion of law but that is not reviewable.
I
do not agree with that argument. In fact
that case is authority to the proposition that a party is entitled to seek
relief by way of review where the magistrates court refused to determine a
matter it should have determined as in this case. The magistrate referred to trial the issue of
non-payment of rent but granted eviction.
This was a gross irregularity entitling the Applicant to approach this
court by way of review.
I
am therefore satisfied that Applicant has an arguable case on review. In the result, I make the following order,
that:
(1) the provisional order be and is hereby
granted in terms of the amended draft order.
(2) the interim relief being
that the Respondents be and are hereby interdicted from evicting the Applicant
from House No. 1-3 Dublin Road, Riverside Bulawayo pending the finalisation of
the court application for review filed under case no. HC Civil Review 142/10.
Messrs Cheda and partners, applicant's legal
practitioners
Messrs Moyo and Nyoni, 1st
respondent's legal practitioners
