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HH221-10 - TITO MWANA vs THE STATE

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Bail-viz rape.

Sexual Offences-viz rape re section 65 of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23].
Bail-viz bail pending trial.
Bail-viz bail pending trial re progress of police investigations.
Bail-viz bail pending trial re progress of police investigations iro trial date.
Bail-viz bail pending trial re prevalence of the offence in society.
Bail-viz bail pending trial re seriousness of the offence iro risk of abscondment.
Bail-viz bail pending trial re potential lengthy custodial term iro flight risk.
Bail-viz changed circumstances.
Bail-viz changed circumstances re material weakness in the State case.
Procedural Law-viz postponement of a hearing.
Bail-viz changed circumstances re equality of treatment.
Bail-viz equality of treatment re multiple accused.
Procedural Law-viz fair hearing re principle of finality in litigation.
Procedural Law-viz principle of finality to litigation re fair trial iro systemic delays.

Bail re: Sexual Offences


The applicant is charged with two counts of rape in terms of section 65 of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23].

Bail re: Bail Pending Trial iro Approach, Constitutional Right to Bail & Denial of Bail in the Interests of Justice

On 13 July 2010 the applicant appeared before my brother HLATSHWAYO J seeking bail pending trial. His application was duly dismissed in view of the following factors -

(i) That investigations were complete and the State was ready for trial;

(ii) That offences of this nature are on the increase and that vulnerable members of society such as minors must be protected by keeping would be offenders under incarceration pending trial; and

(iii) That the applicant is facing serious charges and if convicted would be liable to a long prison term.

This would induce him to abscond if granted bail.

Bail re: Changed Circumstances iro Approach, Subsequent Bail Applications & Alteration or Variation of Bail Conditions

In order to succeed in the present application, the applicant must show that since the order of my brother, HLATSHWAYO J, on 13 July 2010, denying him bail, circumstances have changed.

In my view, the applicant has not demonstrated any changes in support of the order he seeks. It has not been shown for example that the State case has since been weakened in a material respect or that certain circumstances which did not exist at the time have since arisen.

Bail re: Approach iro Accomplices, Co-Accused Persons, Gender Considerations & the Principle of Equality of Treatment

During the course of hearing this application I did ask for details of the allegations made against other persons who stand accused of raping the same minor in order to gain a greater insight into this matter.

I postponed the proceedings for that purpose.

I have since acquainted myself with such allegations and remain of the view that the present application cannot succeed.

For reasons already stated I order that the application be and is hereby dismissed.

Bail re: Bail Pending Trial iro Postponement of Proceedings and Bail Pending Resumption of Postponed Trial


During the course of the postponement the record was not returned to me. This was due to an oversight on the part of the Registrar. Inevitably, the result has been a delay in the finalization of this matter.

CHIWESHE JP:  The applicant is charged with two counts of rape in terms of s 65 of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Cap 9:23].

On 13 July 2010 the applicant appeared before my brother HLATSHWAYO J seeking bail pending trial. His application was duly dismissed in view of the following factors:

 

(i)                 That investigations were complete and the State was ready for trial;

(ii)               That offences of this nature are on the increase and that vulnerable members of society such as minors must be protected by keeping would be offenders under incarceration pending trial; and

(iii)             That the applicant is facing serious charges and if convicted would be liable to a long prison term. This would induce him to abscond if granted bail.

 

In order to succeed in the present application, the applicant must show that since the order of my brother on 13 July 2010 denying him bail, circumstances have changed. In my view the applicant has not demonstrated any changes in support of the order he seeks. It has not been shown for example that the State case has since been weakened in a material respect or that certain circumstances which did not exist at the time have since arisen.

During the course of hearing this application I did ask for details of the allegations made against other persons who stand accused of raping the same minor in order to gain a greater insight into this matter. I postponed the proceedings for that purpose. I have since acquainted myself with such allegations and remain of the view that the present application cannot succeed.

However, during the course of the postponement the record was not returned to me. This was due to an oversight on the part of the Registrar. Inevitably the result has been a delay in the finalization of this matter.

 

For reasons already stated I order that the application be and is hereby dismissed.

 

 

 

 

Antonio & Associates, applicant's legal practitioners

Attorney General's Office, respondent's legal practitioners
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